The sun is very important to the earth and its inhabitants. For one, it warms the seas and gives energy to oxygen-producing plants. Without the sun, the earth would be a lifeless ball of freezing ice.

 

Apart from making the world a more conducive place to live in, the sun does wonders for the human body as well. Exposure enables the body to produce Vitamin D, which is vital for the brain, muscles, and other parts of the body.

 

While it is important to get 10-15 minutes of sunlight daily, going beyond the threshold can affect you badly. After all, the sun bears strong ultraviolet rays that can damage the eye, immune system, and skin.

 

With that being said, excessive sun exposure is considered a major factor behind the development of a condition called melasma. This is because UV rays can stimulate the skin cells to produce more pigment called melanin. The result is brownish, grayish, or bluish patches that affect the face and other sun-exposed areas of the body.  

 

Because of the dire effects of sun exposure, experts recommend at-risk individuals (especially Latinos and Asians) to protect themselves from the sun at all times. Here are some of the best ways to do so:

 

Wear Sunscreen

 

Sunscreen is something all people should wear. Whether you have fair or light brown skin, you need to use sunscreen religiously. Sunscreen is so effective that it can limit new melasma cases to 2.7%, compared to 53% in non-wearers.  

 

When it comes to choosing a product, there are several features that you should consider:

 

• Spectrum

 

Look for a broad-spectrum sunscreen that can defend you from two types of UV rays: UVA and UVB. The former is responsible for premature skin aging, while the latter is to blame for a nasty sunburn. Prolonged exposure to both can eventually lead to skin cancer. 

 

• SPF

 

SPF or sun protection factor refers to how well your sunscreen can protect you from UVB rays. It is calculated according to the time it takes to protect the skin from sunburn (compared to skin without sunscreen). 

 

According to the Mayo Clinic, it’s best to seek a product with an SPF of at least 30. While it may be tempting to seek a higher SPF, it is pricier and only provides a small additional degree of protection. Besides, Low SPFs last just as long as higher SPFs.

 

• Ingredients

 

Sunscreens are made from either organic or inorganic materials. The former work by absorbing UV radiation and converting it to minimal heat. Good examples include salicylates, cinnamates, and benzophenones.

 

Inorganic ingredients, on the other hand, include zinc dioxide and titanium dioxide. They reflect and scatter UV radiation effectively without being too irritating on the skin. 

 

• Proofing

 

If you plan on swimming or engaging in wet or sweaty activities, then you should go for a water-resistant sunscreen. It can last for 40 minutes under the water.

 

If you wish to frolic for more than an hour, then opt for a very water-resistant product. This can help maintain the SPF for up to 80 minutes underwater. 

 

• Formulation 

 

Sunscreens come in different formulations that work well according to body area.

Creams are hydrating, which makes them perfect for people with dry skin. This type of sunscreen is best worn on the face.

Another good option for the face is a sunscreen stick, which can be easily applied around the eyes. 

Lotions are best for large body surfaces such as the back and the legs. Because of its thinner consistency, lotions less greasy.

Gels, on the other hand, are best for the chest, scalp, and other hairy areas in the body. 

 

How to Apply Sunscreen 

 

 

Even if you have the finest sunscreen in the world, it would be useless if you don’t apply it well. As such, you should remember to:

 

• Apply generous amounts to dry skin at least 15 minutes before you get out of the house. Re-apply every 2 hours or more frequently if you are swimming or sweating profusely. 

• Apply sunscreen on all areas that will be exposed to the sun. 

• Use sunscreen every day. Remember, UV rays are present even when it’s cloudy, rainy, or snowy. In fact, the snow, sand, water, and concrete reflect light so well that they further increase your risk of sunburn.

 

More Sun Protection Tips 

 

• Use an SPF 30 lip balm for your lips. They could get burnt as well.

 

• Do not use sunscreen for babies aged 6 months and below. Make them wear protective garb instead.

 

Wear Protective Clothing

 

Apart from applying sunscreen, wearing protective clothing can help reduce your UV exposure. Wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, long-sleeved tops, and pants/long skirts are just some of the best clothes to wear outside. 

 

Avoid the Sun

 

As mentioned, it’s necessary to have at least 10-15 minutes of exposure every day. However, it’s best if you avoid doing so from 10 am to 4 pm, where the sun’s potency is at its highest.

 

This is something you should remember, especially if you are already undergoing melasma treatment. According to Dr. Lily Talakoub, medications (such as retinoids), bleaching creams, lasers, and peels “make the skin more susceptible to UV radiation, which can make melasma worse.” 

 

Wear UV Awareness Bracelets or Beads 

 

If you keep on forgetting wearing sunscreen regularly, then you need to consider adding a UV bracelet/bead to your wardrobe. This can change in color in response to a strong UV presence. It can help remind you to wear more sunscreen – or avoid the sun, if possible.

 

Take Sun Protective Supplements

 

While it’s important to physically defend your skin from the sun, it may be helpful to address it from the inside as well. Some supplements, after all, may help protect you from the effects of sun exposure. They include:

 

• Vitamin E. As a good nutrient for the skin, Vitamin E may help shield the skin cells from UV-induced damage.

• Beta-Carotene. Not only does it help improve vision, but beta-carotene may also offer some defense against UV damage.  

• Niacinamide. This Vitamin B3 supplement may help protect the skin from UV-induced malignancies. A study has also shown that it may help in the repair of UV-damaged cells.

 

Sun exposure is important, but it should be limited accordingly. If that is not possible, then you should remember to wear sunscreen, protective clothing, and UV awareness bracelets. Add to that, taking sun-protective supplements may help reduce sun-related skin risks as well.

 

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